System Hacking: Password Cracking Techniques And Types Of Passwords

This blog based on two major concepts:

• Understand password-cracking techniques
• Understand different types of passwords
 

The simplest way to crack the passwords

The first step is to access the system is that you should know how to crack the password of the target system. Passwords are the key element of information require to access the system, and users also selects passwords that are easy to guess such as mostly people has a passwords of their pet's name or room number etc to help them remember it. Because of this human factor, most password guessing is successful if some information is known about the target. Information gathering and reconnaissance can help give away information that will help a hacker guess a user's password.

Once a password is guessed or cracked, it can be the launching point for escalating privileges, executing applications, hiding files, and covering tracks. If guessing a password fails, then passwords may be cracked manually or with automated tools such as a dictionary or brute-force method.

Types of Passwords 

• Only numbers
• Only letters
• Only special characters
• Letters and numbers
• Only letters and special characters 
• Numbers, letters and special characters

A strong password is less susceptible to attack by a hacker. The following rules, proposed by the EC-Council, should be applied when you're creating a password, to protect it against attacks:

• Must not contain any part of the user's account name
• Must have a minimum of eight characters
• Must contain characters from at least three of the following categories:
  • Non alphanumeric symbols ($,:"%@!#)
  • Numbers
  • Uppercase letters
  • Lowercase letters

A hacker may use different types of attacks in order to identify a password and gain further access to a system. The types of password attacks are as follows:

Passive Online

​Eavesdropping on network password exchanges. Passive online attacks
include sniffing, man-in-the-middle, and replay attacks. Moreover, a passive online attack is also known as sniffing the password on a wired or wireless network. A passive attack is not detectable to the end user. The password is captured during the authentication process and can then be compared against a dictionary file or word list. User account passwords are commonly hashed or encrypted when sent on the network to prevent unauthorized access and use. If the password is protected by encryption or hashing, special tools in the hacker's toolkit can be used to break the algorithm.

Another passive online attack is known as man-in-the-middle (MITM). In a MITM attack, the hacker intercepts the authentication request and forwards it to the server. By inserting a sniffer between the client and the server, the hacker is able to sniff both connections and capture passwords in the process.

A replay attack is also a passive online attack; it occurs when the hacker intercepts the password en route to the authentication server and then captures and resend the authentication packets for later authentication. In this manner, the hacker doesn't have to break the password or learn the password through MITM but rather captures the password and reuses the password-authentication packets later to authenticate as the client.

Active Online

Guessing the Administrator password. Active online attacks include auto-
mated password guessing. Moreover, The easiest way to gain administrator-level access to a system is to guess a simple password assuming the administrator used a simple password. Password guessing is an active online attack. It relies on the human factor involved in password creation and only works on weak
passwords.

Assuming that the NetBIOS TCP 139 port is open, the most effective method of breaking into a Windows NT or Windows 2000 system is password guessing. This is done by attempting to connect to an enumerated share ( IPC$ or C$ ) and trying a username and password combination. The most commonly used Administrator account and password combinations are words like Admin, Administrator, Sysadmin, or Password, or a null password.
A hacker may first try to connect to a default Admin$ , C$ , or C:\Windows share. To connect to the hidden C: drive share, for example, type the following command in the Run field (Start ➪ Run):

\\ip_address\c$

Automated programs can quickly generate dictionary files, word lists, or every possible combination of letters, numbers, and special characters and then attempt to log on using those credentials. Most systems prevent this type of attack by setting a maximum number of login attempts on a system before the account is locked.

In the following sections, we'll discuss how hackers can perform automated password guessing more closely, as well as countermeasures to such attacks.

Performing Automated Password Guessing

To speed up the guessing of a password, hackers use automated tools. An easy process for automating password guessing is to use the Windows shell commands based on the standard NET USE syntax. To create a simple automated password-guessing script, perform the following steps:

1. Create a simple username and password file using Windows Notepad. Automated tools such as the Dictionary Generator are available to create this word list. Save the file on the C: drive as credentials.txt.
2. Pipe this file using the FOR command: C:\> FOR /F "token=1, 2*" %i in (credentials.txt)
3. Type net use \\targetIP\IPC$ %i /u: %j to use the credentials.txt file to attempt to log on to the target system's hidden share.

Offline Attacks

Offline attacks are performed from a location other than the actual computer where the passwords reside or were used. Offline attacks usually require physical access to the computer and copying the password file from the system onto removable media. The hacker then takes the file to another computer to perform the cracking. Several types of offline password attacks exist.

Types of Attack	Characteristics	Password Example
Dictionary attack	Attempts to use passwords from a list of dictionary words	Administrator
Hybrid attack	Substitutes numbers of symbols for password characters	Adm1n1strator
Brute-force attack	Tries all possible combinations of letters, numbers, and special characters	Ms!tr245@F5a

A dictionary attack is the simplest and quickest type of attack. It's used to identify a password that is an actual word, which can be found in a dictionary. Most commonly, the attack uses a dictionary file of possible words, which is hashed using the same algorithm used by the authentication process. Then, the hashed dictionary words are compared with hashed passwords as the user logs on, or with passwords stored in a file on the server. The dictionary attack works only if the password is an actual dictionary word; therefore, this type of attack has some limitations. It can't be used against strong passwords containing numbers or other symbols.

A hybrid attack is the next level of attack a hacker attempts if the password can't be found using a dictionary attack. The hybrid attack starts with a dictionary file and substitutes numbers and symbols for characters in the password. For example, many users add the number 1 to the end of their password to meet strong password requirements. A hybrid attack is designed to find those types of anomalies in passwords.

The most time-consuming type of attack is a brute-force attack, which tries every possible combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. A brute-force attack is the slowest of the three types of attacks because of the many possible combinations of characters in the password. However, brute force is effective; given enough time and processing power, all passwords can eventually be identified.

Related word

1. Hacking Tools
2. Hacker Tools Github
3. Hak5 Tools
4. Beginner Hacker Tools
5. Hacking Tools And Software
6. Hacker Tools List
7. Hack Tools For Windows
8. Hackrf Tools
9. Hacking Tools For Mac
10. Pentest Tools Android
11. Growth Hacker Tools
12. Bluetooth Hacking Tools Kali
13. Wifi Hacker Tools For Windows
14. Hacker Tools List
15. Hacking Tools For Windows
16. Hackers Toolbox
17. Hacking App
18. Hacker Tools Linux
19. Hack Tools
20. Underground Hacker Sites
21. Pentest Recon Tools
22. Pentest Tools Online
23. Pentest Tools Tcp Port Scanner
24. Best Hacking Tools 2019
25. Hacker Tools For Ios
26. Computer Hacker
27. Hacking Tools For Windows
28. Hacking Tools For Games
29. Hacker Tools 2019
30. Hack Tools
31. Hacking Tools Kit
32. Pentest Recon Tools
33. Blackhat Hacker Tools
34. Hacking Tools Online
35. Hacker Tools Mac
36. Pentest Tools Port Scanner
37. Hack Tools For Mac
38. New Hacker Tools
39. Hacker Tools Mac
40. Pentest Box Tools Download
41. Bluetooth Hacking Tools Kali
42. Best Pentesting Tools 2018
43. Hacking Tools For Beginners
44. Install Pentest Tools Ubuntu
45. What Are Hacking Tools
46. Hacking Tools Free Download
47. Hacking Tools Hardware
48. Hacking Tools Hardware
49. Wifi Hacker Tools For Windows
50. Usb Pentest Tools
51. Hack Apps
52. Hacking Tools Free Download
53. Hacker Tools Online
54. Hacking Tools For Games
55. Pentest Tools Url Fuzzer
56. Hacker Tools Mac
57. Hacker Tools Mac
58. Pentest Tools Subdomain
59. Hacker Tools Apk
60. Best Hacking Tools 2019
61. Hackrf Tools
62. Hack Tools For Pc
63. Hack Tool Apk No Root
64. Hacker Tools 2020
65. New Hack Tools
66. Hack Tools 2019
67. Pentest Tools Kali Linux
68. Hacker Tools For Mac
69. Hacking Tools For Mac
70. Hacking Tools Pc
71. Pentest Tools Find Subdomains
72. Hack Tools Online
73. Pentest Tools List
74. Top Pentest Tools
75. New Hack Tools
76. Hackrf Tools
77. Tools 4 Hack
78. Best Hacking Tools 2019
79. Hacker Tools 2019
80. Hacking Tools
81. Hacker Tools Mac
82. Hacking Tools
83. Hacker Tools Online
84. World No 1 Hacker Software
85. Hackrf Tools
86. Hacking Tools Kit
87. Hack App
88. Wifi Hacker Tools For Windows
89. What Is Hacking Tools
90. Bluetooth Hacking Tools Kali
91. Hacking Tools Windows 10
92. Hacking Tools Download
93. Hacking Tools For Pc
94. Pentest Tools Linux
95. Black Hat Hacker Tools
96. Hacking Tools Free Download
97. Hacker Tools
98. Tools Used For Hacking
99. Hacker Tools For Ios
100. Kik Hack Tools
101. Hacking Tools Online
102. Pentest Tools Free
103. Beginner Hacker Tools
104. Hacking Tools For Windows 7
105. Hacker Search Tools
106. Android Hack Tools Github
107. Top Pentest Tools
108. Hacking Tools Mac
109. Hacking Tools Software
110. Hack Tools For Pc
111. Beginner Hacker Tools
112. Nsa Hacker Tools
113. Pentest Box Tools Download
114. Pentest Tools List
115. Hacking Tools Name
116. Pentest Tools For Windows
117. Pentest Tools Tcp Port Scanner
118. Pentest Reporting Tools
119. Hacker Tools
120. Hacking Tools Pc
121. Android Hack Tools Github
122. Pentest Tools For Android
123. Hacker Tools Apk
124. Game Hacking
125. Underground Hacker Sites
126. Hacker
127. World No 1 Hacker Software
128. Best Hacking Tools 2020
129. Free Pentest Tools For Windows
130. Nsa Hacker Tools
131. Hack Tools 2019
132. Hacking Tools For Mac
133. Nsa Hack Tools Download